Relationship Between Multiple Micronutrient Supplement (MMS) Tablet Supplementation and Gestational Weight Gain Among Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) at UPTD Pancakarsa 2 Primary Health Center
Keywords:
Chronic Energy Deficiency, Gestational Weight Gain, Maternal Nutrition, Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation, PregnancyAbstract
Background : Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) during pregnancy remains a major nutritional problem associated with increased maternal and fetal health risks, including pregnancy complications, low birth weight, and impaired fetal growth. One of the nutritional interventions currently promoted is Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS), which provides a combination of essential vitamins and minerals to improve maternal nutritional status. However, evidence regarding the relationship between MMS supplementation and gestational weight gain among pregnant women with CED at the primary healthcare level remains limited. This study aimed to determine the association between MMS supplementation and gestational weight gain among pregnant women with CED at UPTD Pancakarsa 2 Primary Health Center. Methods : A quantitative study with an analytical cross-sectional design was conducted involving 60 pregnant women with CED selected through consecutive sampling. Data were collected from maternal and child health records, medical records, structured questionnaires assessing MMS adherence, and body weight measurements using a calibrated digital scale. Statistical analyses included descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, and multiple linear regression with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results : The findings showed that 70.0% of participants adhered to MMS supplementation, while 65.0% achieved recommended gestational weight gain. Chi-square analysis demonstrated a significant association between MMS adherence and gestational weight gain (p = 0.001). Multiple linear regression identified adherence to MMS supplementation as the strongest factor associated with gestational weight gain (β = 0.58; p < 0.001) after adjustment for maternal age, gestational age, and parity. Conclusion : Adequate adherence to Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation is significantly associated with improved gestational weight gain among pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency. Strengthening nutritional counseling, improving adherence monitoring, and optimizing MMS implementation within antenatal care services may contribute to better maternal nutritional status and improved pregnancy outcomes.
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