Factors Associated with K4 Antenatal Care Coverage at Wanggarasi Primary Health Center

Abstract

Background : Completion of at least four antenatal care visits (K4) is an important indicator of maternal health service performance, contributing to the early detection of pregnancy complications and the reduction of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Despite continuous improvements in antenatal care programs, K4 coverage remains suboptimal in several regions. Multiple factors are believed to influence pregnant women's adherence to the recommended antenatal visit schedule. Methods : A quantitative cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving 60 pregnant women selected through proportional random sampling. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire, while K4 status was verified through Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books and medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results : Of the participants, 70.0% completed the recommended K4 visits. Bivariate analysis revealed significant associations between K4 coverage and maternal knowledge (p=0.001), education (p=0.028), husband's support (p<0.001), access to health services (p=0.011), and quality of antenatal care (p=0.003). Multivariate analysis identified husband's support as the strongest predictor of K4 completion (OR=6.73; 95% CI=2.11–21.44; p=0.001). Conclusion : K4 coverage is influenced by the interaction of maternal characteristics, family support, and health service quality. Strengthening maternal health education, promoting husband involvement, and improving access to and quality of antenatal services are essential strategies for increasing K4 compliance. These findings provide evidence that may assist primary healthcare providers and policymakers in developing more effective maternal health interventions.